Africa: Sixteenth century: By this point, Byzantine sorcerous techniques have become codified as 'Hermetic' magic and have become common across Europe. Hermetic techniques begin to leak into Africa, but remain rare. While some minor colonies are established along the coast by the Portuguese and Spanish, most of Africa remains independent of European influence. However, the growing slave trade begins to alter African society... Seventeenth century: The Dutch establish a trading post at Cape Horn, which becomes the center of a small colony. The locals, under attack by tribes migrating south, are unable to resist. In Western Africa, urban culture flourishes as coastal nations grow rich raiding the interior nations and selling the captives as slaves. Western Hermetic magic becomes somewhat more widespread with the growth of cities. The tribes of the interior suffer from increasing slave trading and face difficulties of maintaining their own civilizations. Eighteenth century: Byzantine Empire conquers Egypt from the Mameluks and wars with the Emperors of Ethiopia, inconclusively. Slave trading continues to benefit the coastal nations and cause trouble for the interior. Disease continues to protect Africa from becoming colonized, except in South Africa, where the Dutch presence grows. 1798: Napoleon conquers the Byzantine holdings in Egypt. 1799: Napoleon goes back to France, Byzantines reconquer the area. Nineteenth century: During the Napoleonic wars, South Africa passes into British hands. French colonize Algeria, finally taking action against the Barbary pirates in the 1830s. In the 1870s, Hermetic mages finally find a cure for Malaria, and the great colonization expansion into Africa begins. Much of West Africa falls into French hands. Belgium and Germany also grab a piece of the pie. The British take control of Egypt, where the Suez Canal is built. However, Britain is defeated by Zulu magical might in the Zulu wars and loses control of most of South Africa, which remains free of European control, as does Ethiopia. 20th Century: West Africa is divided into several French colonies, except for a few coastal pockets controlled by the Spanish, and 'Liberia', a land settled by repatriated ex-slaves. However, the region around the Congo river is a colony of Belgium. The French colonies contain several major cities, though they have declined somewhat with the end of the slave trade. Most of Southern Africa is controlled by the Zulu Empire, ruled by Shaka II. The Zulu have a large number of powerful war shamans who enabled them to overcome the British and Boer resistance. However, the southernmost tip of Africa remains under British control. Shaka has allowed the Boers to continue to live in the territories they had occupied, but they face the same sort of status as blacks did in South Africa in the 'Real World'. Many fled into the still British controlled Cape Colony, which is now overcrowded and poor. Eastern Africa is largely controlled by the British, as is Egypt, which is technically an 'independent' protectorate. Ethiopia, however, remains an independant empire, in large part due to the strong tradition of Hermetic Magic in the empire, which allegedly dates back to the first Emperor, one of Solomon's many children. Imperial legend also claims that the Ark of the Covenant is hidden away in one of the many sanctuaries of the Ethiopian Jews, who practice a branch of Judaism that only possesses the Pentateuch (The first five books of the Bible). Railroads are starting to connect the major cities, though they remain rather sketchy. Egypt, the Mediterranean coast, the Western Coast of Africa, Capetown, and Ethiopia are the most 'civilized' areas by European standards.